Droplet-based bioprinting enables the fabrication of cell–hydrogel–microfibre composite tissue precursors

Abstract Composites offer the option of coupling individual benefits their constituents to achieve unique material properties, which can be extra value in many tissue engineering applications. Strategies combining hydrogels with fibre-based scaffolds create constructs enhanced biological and structural functionality. However, developing efficient scalable approaches manufacture such composites is challenging. Here, we use a droplet-based bioprinting system called reactive jet impingement (ReJI) integrate cell-laden hydrogel microfibrous mesh. This uses microvalves connected different bioink reservoirs directed continuously droplets at one another mid-air, where react form that lands on Cell–hydrogel–fibre are produced by embedding human dermal fibroblasts two concentrations (5 × 10 6 30 cells/mL) collagen–alginate–fibrin matrix bioprinted onto substrate. Our results show both types cell–hydrogel–microfibre composite maintain high cell viability promote cell–cell cell–biomaterial interactions. The lower fibroblast density triggers proliferation, whereas higher facilitates faster cellular organisation infiltration into microfibres. Additionally, fibrous component characterised swelling properties quick release calcium ions. data indicate created an way highly functional precursors for laminar engineering, particularly wound healing skin Graphic abstract